Jordanian authorities have used Israeli-made digital forensics software to monitor and extract data from the phones of civil society activists, according to a new investigation by cybersecurity watchdog Citizen Lab. The report found that tools produced by Cellebrite, a Tel Aviv-based company, were used to access iOS and Android devices seized from activists without their consent, raising serious concerns about privacy and state surveillance in the country.

Citizen Lab said forensic analysis of four devices returned to their owners revealed clear indicators of compromise linked with high confidence to Cellebrite’s extraction products. Court records reviewed by the researchers showed the technology had been used in criminal cases against activists in ways that may violate international human rights treaties Jordan has ratified. The findings come amid a wider crackdown in which hundreds of people have reportedly been detained or questioned, many over expressions of solidarity with Pales-tinians during Israel’s war on Ga-za.

Cellebrite, whose tools have previously been linked to cases involving journalists in Myanmar and dissidents in Russia, denied wrongdoing, saying its products are not spyware and are licensed only for use under legal authority. However, Citizen Lab noted troubling details, including one activist discovering their phone passcode written on the device despite never providing it. Rights groups say the report adds to mounting criticism of Jordan’s intelligence services and underscores growing regional reliance on powerful surveillance technologies to suppress dissent.